Thermoelectric applications are found in many different areas ranging from medicine to space programs. Thermoelectric materials most often are fabricated by either. By adding an electrical potential on two sides of the material, a temperature gradient will be created. This domain contains the elaboration and the study of both cubased chalcogenides bulk and thinfilm samples, driven by materials design principles. To my thesis committee, martin moskovits, galen stucky, and carlos levi, who. Structure and thermoelectric properties of zno based materials. Highefficiency thermoelectric te materials are important for powergeneration devices that are designed to convert waste heat into electrical energy. The efficiency of a thermoelectric material depends primarily on the thermoelectric materials figureofmerit, known as zt 0.
Technical screen printing is a possible way of production, because this method is very versatile with respect to the usable materials, substrates as well as printing inks. New thermoelectric materials were synthesized using highpressure techniques. Thermoelectric materials convert temperature differences into electricity and vice versa. Pdf thermoelectric effects are the physical principles that are used to directly convert. The thesis is organized in six chapters, in the first chapter, a general background of the thermoelectric field is presented as well as the framework and important features of the bottomup approach followed in this thesis. Modeling and application of a thermoelectric generator. Structure and thermoelectric properties of zno based materials abstract the present dissertation investigates the relationship between the structure and thermoelectric properties of zno based materials, with a focus on trivalent element doping on engineering the microstructure and altering the electrical and thermal transport properties. Recent advances on thermoelectric materials abstract by converting waste heat into electricity through the thermoelectric power of solids without producing greenhouse gas emissions, thermoelectric generators could be an important part of the solution to todays energy challenge. In the seebeck effect, a temperature gradient across a material causes the diffusion of charged carriers across that gradient, thus creating a voltage difference between the hot and cold ends of the. Finally, most common candidate thermoelectric materials and. This chapter provides background information on thermoelectric materials and devices and the motivation for the engineering of rare. In this thesis we model the thermoelectric properties from first principles.
With the support of theoretical calculations, the researchers attribute the remarkably low thermal conductivity to a strong enhancement of the phonon. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in. Gunstein skomedal this masters thesis is carried out as a part of the education at. They can also be used in solidstate refrigeration devices. These phenomena are known more specifically as the seebeck effect creating a voltage from temperature difference, peltier effect. Thermoelectric materials show the thermoelectric effect in a strong or convenient form the thermoelectric effect refers to phenomena by which either a temperature difference creates an electric potential or an electric potential creates a temperature difference. Selection and evaluation of materials for thermoelectric applications jeanpierre fleurial jet propulsion laboratorycalifornia institute of technology 1. Proposed industrial and military applications of thermoelectric te materials are generating increased.
With the support of theoretical calculations, the researchers attribute the remarkably low thermal conductivity to a. Sisige thermoelectric generator a thesis submitted to. The synthetic limits of cerium filling in cobalt triantimonide were explored and a model for successful synthesis conditions was generated. This combined with the introduction of new methods to produce advanced nanostructured materials have open up a completely new world for the research on and production of thermoelectric materials 16.
Next, i would like to thank my thesis committee for providing valuable. Environmentalfriendly thermoelectric materials semantic scholar. Thermoelectric te materials convert heat into electrical energy and vice versa and, as such, are promising materials for waste heat reduction or. On the large scale level a high number of thermoelectric modules have been integrated in a heat. Presently, there is an intense race throughout the world to develop good enough thermoelectric materials which can be used in wide scale applications. Introduction of metal oxides into mg2si thermoelectric materials by spark plasma. Introduction this lecture aims at presenting the basic ideas relevant to the selection, preparation, characterization and optimization of semiconducting materials for thermoelectric applications. Without these data, many parts of this thesis would be less convincing. Such materials utilize the seebeck effect for power generation and the peltier effect for refrigeration. Thermoelectric materials american chemical society. The materials studied in this thesis research are ntype iodine doped pbte and indium doped pbte. Design of a solar thermoelectric generator undergraduate. First principles study of thermoelectric properties of zincoxide nanowires thesis presented to the graduate council of texas state universitysan marcos in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science by peter d.
This thesis reports on strategies to optimize a thermoelectric efficiency zt of conducting polymers, more specifically poly3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene pedot. Towards high performance nanostructured thermoelectric. In the figure to the right the unit cell of layered caal2si2type zintl compound is shown. Subject terms continue on reverse if uwy and identify by block number field group subgroup thermoelectric cooler, peltier cooler, seebeck eflect, thomson effect. Another part is the characterization of sample properties. These fundamental discoveries can potentially lead to new design principles for more efficient thermoelectric materials in the future. Moreover, 700c is also an ideal temperature to reach high sample density. Thermoelectric technology calls for novel highperformance materials. The main conditions for a good thermoelectric material are rather. Thermoelectric materials, phenomena, and applications. Department of mecha nical and aerospace engineering. The thermoelectric performance for either power generation or cooling depends on the efficiency of the thermoelectric material for transforming heat into electricity. Graduate thesis or dissertation new multifunctional.
The views expred in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the department of defense or the us. The highpressure technique expanded the practical filling limit from x0. The quality of the materials is determined by their thermoelectric properties like the seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. Organicinorganic hybrid thermoelectric materials have obtained increasing attention because it opens the possibility of. Statistical results show that more than 60% of energy is lost in vain worldwide, most in the form of waste heat. History of thermoelectric materialsjaworski thermoelectric devices are based on the peltier effect. Preliminary design of a cryogenic thermoelectric generator.
Thermoelectric properties of bismuth and silicon nanowires. Thermoelectric materials are characterized by zt, that is, they show large seebeck coefficient, high conductivity, and low thermal conductivity at the same time. The peltier effect refers to the release or absorption of heat from the junction of two dissimilar materials when a current is applied across it, depending on the direction of the current and the metals used. Synthesis, characterization and optimization of new thermoelectric. The seebeck coefficient is an intrinsic property of the materials related to their electronic properties and independent of their geometry. This book focuses comprehensively on very recent uptodate breakthroughs in thermoelectrics utilizing nanomaterials and methods based in nanoscience. Thermoelectric materials the escalating demand for alternative, clean energy sources requires the development of new and effective materials for energy recovery, conversion, storage, and transfer. The key phenomenon to generate thermoelectric effect is seebeck effect, where electricity generates due to temperature differences. Design of advanced thermoelectric materials research. Theoretical background and characterization of thermoelectric coolers and thermoelectric generators are also explained in this chapter. Applications of these thermoelectric devices include nearly any system that generates heat including waste heat. Explorations of cerium filled rutheniumrhodium triantimonide were. Tegbased dcdc conversion network for automotive applications.
Pdf was extracted with pdfgetx2 44 using q max 28 a 1, and fullpro le pdf structure re nement was completed using. Experimental results are presented of thermoelectric materials, specifically two. It should be emphasized that thermoelectric cooling does not need any exchange media such as a freon gas, which can be a good alternative for a freongas refrigerator. Orbital engineering is a new approach that can be used to describe, discover and design thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric property study of ntype pbte by a thesis. This selection of thermoelectric materials is based on the figure of merit at the proposed operating temperatures. Collect material properties from nist reference software, research papers on thermoelectric materials, handbook of heat transfer, and the handbook of thermoelectrics by d. The subject of this phd thesis is part of a research domain of great present interest in new semiconductor materials for photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications. Thermoelectric materials an overview sciencedirect topics. Later, in the 20th century, many other thermoelectric materials tms were developed. View thermoelectricity research papers on academia. Pss offers reasonable thermoelectric properties and can be.
As a parameter used to characterize thermoelectric materials, figureofmerit zt. The goal of this work was the development of tools for the evaluation of thermoelectric power generation units and devices. Solid state materials for electronics in this thesis research we have experimentally explored the thermoelectric performance of gesebased materials, which according to previous theoretical studies have promising potential for high performance thermoelectric applications. Clarkson university thermoelectric power generation system optimization studies a dissertation by madhav a karri department of mechanical and aeronautical engineering wallace h. First principles modelling of thermoelectric materials. Such requirements are difficult to be satisfied, because the three parameters are functions of carrier concentration, which cannot be tuned independently.
The present work suggests that tis2 monolayer is a good candidate for 2d thermoelectric materials, and biaxial strain is a powerful tool to enhance the thermoelectric performance. The thermoelectric semiconductor material most often used in todays te coolers is an alloy of bismuth telluride that has been suitably doped to provide individual blocks or elements having distinct n and p characteristics. To this end, this chapter presents an introduction to thermoelectricity and related principles. Recent advances on thermoelectric materials abstract by converting waste heat into electricity through the thermoelectric power of solids without producing greenhouse gas emissions, thermoelectric generators could be an important part of the solution to todays. Design principles for oxide thermoelectric materials. Highpressure synthesis of thermoelectric materials.
Therefore, if nanoscale materials are to be integrated into novel thermoelectric energy conversion devices, thermoelectric properties must be investigated in detail. Thermoelectric materials have the ability to turn heat into electricity. The conversion of waste heat into electrical energy may play an important role in our current challenge to develop alternative energy technologies to reduce our dependence on fossil. Nanoengineered thermoelectric materials for waste heat. Coulter school of engineering clarkson university potsdam, ny 699 5725 submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements.
Pdf thermoelectric materials and devices researchgate. History of thermoelectric materials jaworski thermoelectric devices are based on the peltier effect. Experimental results are presented of thermoelectric materials, specifically twodimensional quantum well confinement structures, formed by ion beam sputter deposition methods. This phd thesis researches thermoelectric generator teg which transfers wasted. Figure 27 du measured thermal conductivity 10nm layer sample as a. Properties, materialsdevice efficiency, and cost for different families of thermoelectric 3 materials leblanc et al. However, note that although both the seebeck and peltier e ects may appear to require the junction of two dissimilar materials, neither is a contact e ect and both arise due to the presence of temperature gradients in the bulk.
The first tegs were based on electricity conductors and semiconductors, such as antimony, bismuth, copper, iron, lead, zinc and different alloys, among others. High performance thermoelectric te materials that can directly and reversibly convert heat to electrical energy have thus draw growing attentions of governments and research institutes. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the fabrication and properties of a series of metalsemiconductor composite materials aimed at improving efficiency for thermoelectric energy conversion. It can also be defined as the electric potential difference or the generated thermovoltage created by a temperature. Sascha populoh from swiss federal laboratories for materials testing and research, whom i met during the 2010 international conference on thermoelectrics in shanghai. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the bachelor of. Collect material properties from nist reference software, research papers on thermoelectric materials, handbook of heat transfer, and. The peltier effect refers to the release or absorption of heat from the junction of two dissimilar materials when a current is applied across it, depending on the direction of. Long used in niche applications such as providing electrical energy on long distance spaceflights or as refrigeration in portable coolers, thermoelectrics are beginning to find more prominent applications as their performance improves. Thermoelectric system is an environmentfriendly energy conversion technology.